Uṣlūb Isti’ārah Dalam Puisi Ana Yusufun Ya Abi Karya Mahmoud Darwish (Studi Ilmu Bayan)

Abstract

This article explores the use of majaz isti’arah (metaphorical language) in the poem Ana Yusufun Ya Abi by Mahmoud Darwish through the lens of 'ilm al-bayan, a branch of Arabic rhetorical science (balaghah). The poem, while narrating the story of Prophet Yusuf, serves as a layered metaphor for the Palestinian people's collective suffering and displacement. The objective of this study is to identify and classify the various forms of isti’arah in the poetry and to examine the relationship between literal (haqiqi) and metaphorical (majaz i) meanings within its language. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach, this study draws upon rhetorical theory to analyze figurative expressions in selected lines of the poem. The analysis reveals the presence of multiple types of isti’arah, including tashrihiyyah, ashliyyah, tab’iyyah, and tamtsiliyyah, each contributing to the expressive depth of the poem. Symbolic elements such as “Yusuf,” “father,” “brothers,” and “house” are interpreted as metaphors for the Palestinian people, absolute truth, Zionist oppression, and homeland, respectively. These metaphors, drawn from Qur'anic and cultural narratives, imbue the poem with profound emotional and ideological resonance. The study demonstrates how Darwish employs classical rhetorical techniques to convey modern political realities, bridging traditional Arabic poetics with contemporary themes of resistance and identity. This research contributes to the field of comparative and rhetorical literary analysis by emphasizing the interpretive richness of Arabic poetry and the enduring power of isti’arah as a tool for socio-political expression.